MECHANISM OF ACTION
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino acid peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue. Acts as an immunomodulator via dendritic cell maturation, Th1 cytokine polarisation (IFN-γ, IL-2), and regulatory T-cell induction. Exhibits bidirectional immune modulation - potentiates responses in immunodeficient states while inducing tolerance in autoimmune models. TLR9 activation and PI3K/Akt pathway modulation identified as key downstream targets. One of the most clinically studied peptides globally with approval in 37 countries.
RESEARCH APPLICATIONS
- Viral hepatitis B and C immunotherapy (approved)
- Adjuvant immunotherapy in oncology
- Sepsis and critical illness immune reconstitution
- COVID-19 cytokine dysregulation
- Vaccine adjuvant research
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Hepatitis B Seroconversion
2006Meta-analysis of 9 RCTs (n=726) showed higher HBeAg seroconversion with Tα1 vs. IFN-α monotherapy, with superior tolerability.
Ref: Chan et al., Antiviral Therapy
COVID-19 Mortality Reduction
2022Retrospective cohort (n=3,240): Tα1 treatment associated with reduced 28-day mortality (HR 0.58, p<0.001) and shorter ICU stay.
Ref: Liu et al., J Infect Dis
RESEARCH PROTOCOL NOTES
Chemical Identity
Storage & Stability
Lyophilised: 2–8°C, 24 months. Reconstituted: use within 6 hours - no preservative in approved formulation.
Regulatory Status
Approved in 37+ countries as Zadaxin. Not FDA approved. SA: importable via named patient provisions. Not WADA prohibited.