MECHANISM OF ACTION
KPV is a tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) corresponding to the C-terminal fragment of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Despite its minimal size, KPV retains significant anti-inflammatory activity via direct MC1R-independent pathways - specifically downregulation of NF-κB signalling and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). Research shows unique gut-targeted bioactivity when administered orally, with evidence of intestinal epithelial cell uptake via PepT1 transporter. KLOW (a related compound often stacked with KPV) refers to a low-molecular-weight derivative with complementary anti-inflammatory activity.
RESEARCH APPLICATIONS
- Inflammatory bowel disease and gut mucosal repair models
- Skin inflammation and wound healing (topical and systemic)
- Systemic anti-inflammatory research (NF-κB pathway)
- Gut-brain axis inflammation modelling
- Post-injury tissue recovery stacks (with BPC-157)
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
IBD Mucosal Protection
2010KPV incorporated into hydrogel nanoparticles delivered orally demonstrated significant reduction in colitis markers (MPO, TNF-α, IL-6) vs. controls in DSS-induced colitis mouse model.
Ref: Laroui et al., Gastroenterology
NF-κB Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism
2008KPV inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation independently of MC1R binding, suggesting a direct intracellular anti-inflammatory mechanism distinct from α-MSH.
Ref: Brzoska et al., Peptides
RESEARCH PROTOCOL NOTES
Chemical Identity
Sequence
Lys-Pro-Val
Storage & Stability
Lyophilised: -20°C. Reconstituted: 2–8°C, use within 14 days. Small tripeptide - less stable in solution than larger peptides.
Regulatory Status
Research compound. No regulatory approval. Not WADA listed. SAHPRA: unscheduled research compound.