MECHANISM OF ACTION
BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino acid peptide derived from a cytoprotective protein found in human gastric juice. Research indicates it promotes angiogenesis via upregulation of VEGFR2 signalling, modulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, and activates the FAK-paxillin pathway - critical for cytoskeletal reorganisation and cellular migration. Preclinical models demonstrate dose-dependent acceleration of tendon, ligament, and bone healing. It also exhibits GABAergic activity in rodent models, suggesting CNS involvement, and shows anti-inflammatory properties via NF-κB pathway downregulation.
RESEARCH APPLICATIONS
- Tendon and ligament healing (Achilles, rotator cuff, MCL models)
- Gastrointestinal mucosal protection and fistula models
- Angiogenesis and wound-closure research
- CNS protection models (TBI, inflammatory bowel disease)
- Bone fracture repair and cartilage regeneration
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Tendon-to-Bone Healing Acceleration
2018Multiple rodent studies demonstrate significant acceleration of Achilles tendon healing vs. controls, with histological evidence of improved collagen organisation at 14 and 28 days.
Ref: Sikiric et al., J Physiol Pharmacol
GI Mucosal Cytoprotection
2009BPC-157 showed protective effects against NSAID-induced gastric ulceration in animal models, with proposed mechanism via NO pathway modulation.
Ref: Ilic et al., World J Gastroenterol
Angiogenic Activity via VEGFR2
2005In vitro and in vivo data confirm upregulation of VEGFR2, with consequent endothelial proliferation and capillary formation - relevant for wound-bed vascularisation.
Ref: Hsieh et al., Regul Pept
RESEARCH PROTOCOL NOTES
Chemical Identity
Sequence
Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val
Storage & Stability
Lyophilised: -20°C, protected from light. Reconstituted: use within 28 days at 2–8°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Regulatory Status
No FDA, EMA, or SAHPRA approval for human use. Research compound. WADA: not explicitly prohibited as of 2024.